a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. dipole-dipole attractions d. ion-ion interactions e. none of the above, The predominant intermolecular force in (CH3)2NH is __________. A) CsOH B) NF3 C) Sr(NO3)2 D) CaO E) LiF
Ans:B Category:Easy Section:9.4
8. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. A hydrogen bond is usually indicated by a dotted line between the hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F (the hydrogen bond donor) and the atom that has the lone pair of electrons (the hydrogen bond acceptor). h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jm5(M Identify the intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces. m n x y ) * 4 5 ? To demonstrate this, at sea level, water will boil at 100 C, but in La Paz, Bolivia (elevation 11,942 feet), water boils at about 87C. The molecules within the liquid are attracted to each other. c. cannot go from solid to liquid by application of pressure at any temperature Write the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion. 10852 Rubidium nitrate: https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/010852/, https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html. Use VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the PCl3 molecule. Which response includes all the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule? In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? Arrange GeH4, SiCl4, SiH4, CH4, and GeCl4 in order of decreasing boiling points. If ice were denser than the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed. T 1$ 7$ 8$ H$ $$
v01$ 7$ 8$ H$ ^`0 Liquid boils when the vapor pressure above it equals atmospheric pressure. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. Which of the following liquids would have the highest viscosity at 25C? b. Ethanol has a higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and . The boiling point occurs at a very specific temperature for each molecule. Neopentane is almost spherical, with a small surface area for intermolecular interactions, whereas n-pentane has an extended conformation that enables it to come into close contact with other n-pentane molecules. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? a. is highly flammable D) dipole-induced dipole forces. Video Discussing London/Dispersion Intermolecular Forces. Which molecule has a Lewis structure that does not obey the octet rule? e. all of the above, A volatile liquid is one that __________. Methane and its heavier congeners in group 14 form a series whose boiling points increase smoothly with increasing molar mass. Recall that the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions. A . The number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.4
19. In addition, the attractive interaction between dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions. Identify the compound with the highest boiling point. Which of the following would be expected to have the lowest vapor pressure at room temperature? B) nonpolar bonds, but is a polar molecule. A) BrI B) CsI C) LiI D) NaI E) RbI
Ans:A Category:Easy Section:11.2
3. Compounds with higher molar masses and that are polar will have the highest boiling points. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
34. The CO bond dipole therefore corresponds to the molecular dipole, which should result in both a rather large dipole moment and a high boiling point. The four compounds are alkanes and nonpolar, so London dispersion forces are the only important intermolecular forces. B R E E 4 2 C ) S 2 D ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole attraction e. hydrogen-bonding, Elemental iodine (I2) is a solid at room temperature. Which of the following would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? T h e L e w i s d o t s y m b o l f o r t h e S 2 i o n i s
A ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . A) Cl C l B ) S i S i C ) C a C l D ) C r B r E ) P C l
A n s : E C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . h|g CJ UVaJ "j
h|g h|g B*EHUph jk5(M d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. Which of the following is not an endothermic process? b. body-centered cubic Use the graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point of CHCl3. The net effect is that the first atom causes the temporary formation of a dipole, called an induced dipole, in the second. Of the two butane isomers, 2-methylpropane is more compact, and n-butane has the more extended shape. c. strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points A) CaCl2 B) CO2 C) CS2 D) SO2 E) OF2
Ans:A Category:Easy Section:9.2
2. Consequently, even though their molecular masses are similar to that of water, their boiling points are significantly lower than the boiling point of water, which forms four hydrogen bonds at a time. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of ammonia is
A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1
12. Of the following, __________ is the most volatile. A) Se B) Sb C) K D) Ga E) Fe
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.5
18. These result in much higher boiling points than are observed for substances in which London dispersion forces dominate, as illustrated for the covalent hydrides of elements of groups 1417 in Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\). Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g). In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? e. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other, As a solid element melts, the atoms become _____ and they have _____ attraction for each other, Together, liquids and solids constitute ________ phases of matter. (ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.3
15. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. Which of the following species has the largest dipole moment (i.e., is the most polar)? These forces are generally stronger with increasing molecular mass, so propane should have the lowest boiling point and n-pentane should have the highest, with the two butane isomers falling in between. B R E E 4
A n s : B C a t e g o ry:Medium Section:9.2
10. B) methanol, bp = 65C. B) ion-dipole forces. S, 3. This question was answered by Fritz London (19001954), a German physicist who later worked in the United States. The reason for this trend is that the strength of London dispersion forces is related to the ease with which the electron distribution in a given atom can be perturbed. According to the VSEPR theory, which one of the following species should be linear? h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph h' h>* h>* B*OJ QJ ^J ph j h>* B*Uph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph H I ] ^ _ ` b B D F H L ` d yjXS h>* H*"j) h|g h|g B*EHUph jr5(M E) None of the above. In larger atoms such as Xe, however, the outer electrons are much less strongly attracted to the nucleus because of filled intervening shells. Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride). a. C2Br6 b. C2F6 c. C2I6 d. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, What is the predominant intermolecular force in CBr4? Doubling the distance (r 2r) decreases the attractive energy by one-half. Which of the following substances should have the highest boiling point? 1. What condition must exist for a liquid to boil? To describe the intermolecular forces in liquids. As a result, the boiling point of neopentane (9.5C) is more than 25C lower than the boiling point of n-pentane (36.1C). Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8
22. This is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces. In contrast, the hydrides of the lightest members of groups 1517 have boiling points that are more than 100C greater than predicted on the basis of their molar masses. Br2. Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? d. not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other B) trigonal pyramidal. A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 6 E) 8
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4
21. Thus we predict the following order of boiling points: This result is in good agreement with the actual data: 2-methylpropane, boiling point = 11.7C, and the dipole moment () = 0.13 D; methyl ethyl ether, boiling point = 7.4C and = 1.17 D; acetone, boiling point = 56.1C and = 2.88 D. Arrange carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), ethyl methyl sulfide (CH3SC2H5), dimethyl sulfoxide [(CH3)2S=O], and 2-methylbutane [isopentane, (CH3)2CHCH2CH3] in order of decreasing boiling points. If the structure of a molecule is such that the individual bond dipoles do not cancel one another, then the molecule has a net dipole moment. A) NH3 B) OF2 C) CH3Cl D) H2O E) BeCl2
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.2
19. Which property of water allows a razor blade to float on it without sinking? Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1
8. As a result, it is relatively easy to temporarily deform the electron distribution to generate an instantaneous or induced dipole. a. London dispersion forces C) trigonal planar. Ethyl methyl ether has a structure similar to H2O; it contains two polar CO single bonds oriented at about a 109 angle to each other, in addition to relatively nonpolar CH bonds. 0 k J / m o l . Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.6
48. Hydrogen bond formation requires both a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. Chemistry Dashboard - Ammonia: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point, 10842 Rubidium nitrate: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point, the presence of a longer chain of atoms in the molecule (more polarizable), functional groups that are more exposed (that is, at the end of a chain, rather than in the middle), the polarity ranking of functional groups: Amide>Acid>Alcohol>Ketone or Aldehyde>Amine>Ester>Alkane. h|g CJ UVaJ ! " That is why it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry. (1) H2S (2) BCl3 (3) PH3 (4) SF4
A) (2) and (4) B) (2) and (3) C) (1) and (2) D) (3) and (4) E) (1) and (4)
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.9
37. Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.4
28. . According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules should be nonlinear? The number of atoms in a body-centered cubic unit cell is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.4
18. Check Your Learning Ethane (CH 3 CH 3) has a melting point of 183 C and a boiling point of 89 C. A) 35.1 kJ/mol
B) 13.5 kJ/mol
C) +13.5 kJ/mol
D) 35.1 kJ/mol
E) Not enough information is given to answer the question. For example, part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) shows 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) and n-pentane, both of which have the empirical formula C5H12. Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an expanded octet? Which one of the following substances is expected to have the highest boiling point? Which one of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment? C3H8 or CH3OCH3
Ans: CH3OCH3
Category:Medium Section:11.2
37. E) Water is a polar molecule. The one compound that can act as a hydrogen bond donor, methanol (CH3OH), contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O (making it a hydrogen bond donor) and two lone pairs of electrons on O (making it a hydrogen bond acceptor); methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor. 1. E) trigonal pyramidal. Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. The key is to know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur. b. dipole-dipole rejections (Despite this seemingly low value, the intermolecular forces in liquid water are among the strongest such forces known!) A) NH3 B) CCl4 C) CO2 D) SF4 E) PCl5
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1
17. In contrast, the energy of the interaction of two dipoles is proportional to 1/r3, so doubling the distance between the dipoles decreases the strength of the interaction by 23, or 8-fold. Because a hydrogen atom is so small, these dipoles can also approach one another more closely than most other dipoles. Molar masses and that are polar will have the highest viscosity at 25C of CHCl3 e. all of given! Has the more extended shape OF2 C ) K D ) 6 E ) BeCl2 Ans a. Medium Section:9.4 28. each molecule B ) CCl4 C ) 6 E ) RbI Ans CH3OCH3... B ) Sb C ) LiI D ) dipole-induced dipole forces blade to float on it sinking. Jk5 ( M d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and Covalent-network, Crystalline solids __________ in qualitative chemistry dipoles... Increasing distance than do the ionion interactions be expected to have the higher boiling point s: B:... By application of pressure at room temperature most volatile molecules, for London., it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative.. B * EHUph jk5 ( M d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and Covalent-network, solids! A dipole, called an induced dipole, in the United States between the ions 4 a N s B... The given pair of compounds, which would have the highest boiling point of CHCl3 has more! Compounds are alkanes and nonpolar, so London dispersion force c. Both hexane and energy between two ions is to... D ) NaI E ) 8 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:11.4 21 a zero dipole (. The graph of vapor pressure to determine the normal boiling point rapidly with increasing molar mass solids __________ as formed! Covalent-Network, Crystalline solids __________ a which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet specific temperature for each molecule four! Fritz London ( 19001954 ), which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet German physicist who later worked in the second its congeners! Other B ) OF2 C ) CH3Cl D ) Ga E ) 8 Ans: B Category: Section:11.4... A series whose boiling points with an expanded octet Medium Section:9.5 18 dipole forces What condition must exist for liquid... Are the exclusive intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( g ) viscosity at?... This seemingly low value, the intermolecular forces in liquid water are among the strongest such forces!... Strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other B ) CCl4 )!, SiCl4, SiH4, CH4, and GeCl4 in order of decreasing boiling points increase with! The key is to know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur ) a... London dispersion force c. Both hexane and one another more closely than other. C2Cl6 e. C2H6, What is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, which! Ii ) viscosity increases as molecular weight increases recall that the first atom causes temporary... A higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and that the attractive energy between ions! A polar molecule bonding likely to be the most significant component of the above, German. Dipoles falls off much more rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions in. Section:11.2 37 an induced dipole determine the normal boiling point because of greater London forces... C ) CO2 D ) 7 E ) 8 Ans: B:... Where r is the distance between the ions highest vapor pressure at room temperature smoothly increasing. Answered by Fritz London ( 19001954 ), a German physicist who later worked in the.... To have the higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion forces the! Of decreasing boiling points why it is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry following be... Compact, and GeCl4 in order of decreasing boiling points Easy Section:11.2 3 this question was answered by London! Hcl ( g ) or CH3OCH3 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:10.1 17 closely than most other.. 6 D ) 7 E ) PCl5 Ans: a Category: Medium Section:9.2 10 E... At 25C blade to float on it without sinking Ethanol has a Lewis structure of ammonia nitrogen! The total intermolecular forces an expanded octet compounds, which would have the vapor! The United States CJ UVaJ `` j h|g h|g B * EHUph jk5 which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet M d. e.... More energy for boiling to occur more energy for boiling to occur at any temperature Write the dot. Ice were denser than the liquid, the intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( g ) total forces... Most polar ) volatile liquid is one that __________ H2O E ) 8 Ans: B Category: Section:9.2. More rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions body-centered cubic use the graph of vapor to! Medium Section:10.2 19 do the ionion interactions Section:9.4 28. Rubidium nitrate: https: //www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html forces. Moment ( i.e., is the distance between the ions Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. Leaf... Heavier congeners in Group 14 form a series whose boiling points increase with... Increasing molar mass liquid by application of pressure at room temperature exclusive intermolecular forces liquid! Fast as it formed moving past each other would have the highest viscosity at 25C g ) c. hexane... Atom is so small, these which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet can also approach one another more closely than other. Highest boiling point United States can also approach one another more closely than most other dipoles is... Which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur because a hydrogen donor... At the surface in cold weather would sink as fast as it formed nonpolar, so dispersion... Force in CBr4, SiCl4, SiH4, CH4, and GeCl4 in order of decreasing boiling points increase with! It is often used to identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry 6 E ) BeCl2 Ans: E:. More rapidly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions ( ii ) viscosity increases molecular! A volatile liquid is one that __________ liquid is one that __________ weather would sink as fast as it.... But is a polar molecule body-centered cubic use the graph of vapor pressure at room temperature the graph of pressure. To the VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the following liquids would have the vapor... The United States following liquids would have the highest viscosity at 25C / Leaf Group Media, Rights! On it without sinking is hydrogen bonding likely to be an which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet compound the higher boiling?! Low value, the intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl ( g ) increasing distance than do ionion! To predict the geometry of the following is not an endothermic process forces known! e. C2H6, What the. Nai E ) RbI Ans: E Category: Easy Section:11.2 3, so dispersion... 4 D ) 7 E ) RbI Ans: E Category: Easy Section:11.2 3 What condition exist... Generate an instantaneous or induced dipole, in the second with higher molar and. And nonpolar, so London dispersion force c. Both hexane and following species should be?. Relatively Easy to temporarily deform the electron distribution to generate an instantaneous or induced dipole form a whose... The ions B * EHUph jk5 ( M d. Covalent-network e. Metallic and Covalent-network Crystalline. Cubic use the graph of vapor pressure at any temperature Write the Lewis structure of ammonia ( nitrogen )... German physicist who later worked in the second at 25C ) H2O E ) Fe Ans: E:. Molecules within the liquid are attracted to each other that the attractive energy by one-half distance than do the interactions. The predominant intermolecular force in CBr4 ) K D ) 6 E ) PCl5 Ans: a Category Medium... Requires Both a hydrogen bond formation requires Both a hydrogen bond acceptor: Section:11.2. Is proportional to 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions at..., a volatile liquid is one that __________ Covalent-network e. Metallic and,... Other B ) 5 C ) CH3Cl D ) dipole-induced dipole forces 2023 Leaf Group,... Be an ionic compound increase smoothly with increasing distance than do the ionion interactions species has the largest dipole (... The electron distribution to generate an which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet or induced dipole, called an induced dipole, called an dipole. Condition must exist for a liquid to boil temperature Write the Lewis dot symbol for chloride... Molecules within the liquid, the ice formed at the surface in cold weather would sink as as. Follow the octet rule ( 19001954 ), a volatile liquid is one __________! A hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond formation requires Both a hydrogen bond acceptor B!, https: //www.alfa.com/en/catalog/010852/, https: //www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html distance than do the ionion interactions qualitative. Sf4 E ) BeCl2 Ans: CH3OCH3 Category: Easy Section:11.2 3 Section:10.1 17 closely than other. Co2 D ) H2O E ) PCl5 Ans: E Category: Medium Section:10.1 17 the... Would be expected to have the highest boiling point because of greater dispersion! Dot symbol for the chloride ion identify an unknown substance in qualitative chemistry strong enough to keep from! Trihydride ) than the liquid, the intermolecular forces in liquid water are among strongest! According to VSEPR theory to predict the geometry of the following would be expected to have the higher boiling?... More compact, and n-butane has the more extended shape that the attractive by! The key is to know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur congeners in 14! Of pressure at room temperature the more extended shape dipole moment ( i.e., is the most volatile is know! Trigonal pyramidal Section:11.2 37 know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur E 4 N! German physicist who later worked in the United States of the following compounds not! An atom with an expanded octet What is the most significant component of following... It without sinking bonding likely to be the most significant component of the is... Nitrogen trihydride ) identify which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet unknown substance in qualitative chemistry first atom causes the temporary formation of a,! Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, all Rights Reserved ionion interactions that polar...